Everything about Pope Nicholas Iv totally explained
Pope Nicholas IV (
September 30,
1227 –
April 4,
1292), born
Girolamo Masci, was
Pope from
February 22,
1288 to April 4,
1292. A
Franciscan monk, he'd been
legate to the Greeks under
Pope Gregory X (1271–76) in
1272, succeeded
Bonaventure as general of his order in 1274, was made
Cardinal Priest of
Santa Prassede and
Latin Patriarch of Constantinople by
Pope Nicholas III (1277–80),
Cardinal Bishop of Palestina by
Pope Martin IV (1281–85), and succeeded
Pope Honorius IV (1285–87) after a ten-months' vacancy in the papacy.
Masci was born at Lisciano, near
Ascoli Piceno. He was a pious, peace-loving monk with no ambition save for the Church, the crusades and the extirpation of
heresy. He steered a middle course between the factions at Rome, and sought a settlement of the Sicilian question. In May
1289 he crowned
King Charles II of Naples and Sicily (1285–1309) after the latter had expressly recognized papal
suzerainty, and in February
1291 concluded a treaty with
Alfonso III of Aragon (1285–91) and
Philip IV of France (1285–1314) looking toward the expulsion of
James II of Aragon (1285–96) from
Sicily. The loss of
Acre in 1291 stirred Nicholas IV to renewed enthusiasm for a
crusade. He sent missionaries, among them the celebrated
Franciscan missionary,
John of Monte Corvino, to labour among the
Bulgarians,
Ethiopians,
Tatars and
Chinese.
Nicholas IV issued an important constitution on
July 18, 1289, which granted to the
cardinals one-half of all income accruing to the
Roman see and a share in the financial management, and thereby paved the way for that independence of the
College of Cardinals which, in the following century, was to be of detriment to the papacy.
Nicholas IV died in the palace which he'd built beside
Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore.
Taxatio
The 1291-2
Taxatio he initiated, a detailed valuation for ecclesiastical taxation of English and Welsh parish churches and
prebends, remains an important source document for the mediaeval period. An edition was reprinted by the Record Commission in 1802 as
Taxatio Ecclesiastica Angliae et Walliae Auctoritate.
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